GUIDE TO PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES

Being familiar with parliamentary procedure is an essential element to succeeding at any Model UN conference. The following is a general list of points and motions used at most conferences along with a brief explanation of each. Some conferences may employ slightly different rules, so always be sure to check the conference handbook for any changes.

Point of Order: This point may be raised when you feel that a delegate or the Chair is not abiding by correct parliamentary procedure (as laid out for the conference). A point of order is allowed to interrupt the speaker.

Point of Personal Privilege: This point is used to indicate personal discomforts or impediments to debate. It may be raised during the debate if, for example, you cannot hear the speaker or feel uncomfortably hot or cold. This point is allowed to interrupt a speaker, but may not refer to the content of any speech or working paper.

Point of Inquiry: This point may be raised after a speaker yields to questions. It is used to ask a question of the speaker relating to the speech just given. It may also be used to ask the chair a questions regarding parliamentary procedure during a normal session.

Motion to Open Debate: This is the first motion of the conference and is made to move into formal debate and open the primary speakers list. If there are multiple topics on the agenda, the body will first debate on the order they are to be discussed until there is a motion to set the agenda. All delegates wishing to be added to the speakers list should raise their placards at the request of the chair or send a note to the dais. Speaking time during debate may be limited with a Motion to Limit Debate (see below).

Motion to Set the Agenda: This motion is made with a specific topic mentioned to be debated first and the other second. Two speakers for, two against, and requires a simple majority to pass.

Motion to Adjourn the Session: This motion adjourns the committee sessions for good. It will only be entertained by the chair at the end of the last committee session. This motion requires a second, is not debatable, and needs a simple majority to pass.

Motion to Suspend the Meeting: This motion suspends the body between sessions. This motion requires a second, is not debatable, and needs a simple majority to pass.

Motion to Enter Unmoderated Caucus: This motion temporarily suspends the meeting for a specified amount of time. Use it to create resolutions, talk to other delegates, or anything else you may need to do. It requires a second, is not debatable, and needs a simple majority to pass.

Motion to Enter Moderated Caucus: This motion brings the body into a moderated debate on the issue on the floor for a specified amount of time. The moderating officer will then recognize speakers for a specified amount of time, who cannot yield to anyone but the Chair at the end of their speech. This motion requires a second, is not debatable, and needs a simple majority to pass. This motion may not be made once debate has been closed.

Motion to Table the Topic: This motion tables a topic (ending debate on the topic) until it is reopened with a Motion to Reconsider. This motion requires a second, is debatable (two speeches in favor and two against), and needs a two-thirds majority to pass.

Motion to Divide the Question: This motion may be made to request that the resolution be divided in a manner specified by the motioner (it can be by every other letter, by prime numbers, or even by every ten words). These clauses will then be voted on individually. This motion requires a second, is debatable (2 speeches pro/2 con), and needs a simple majority to pass. If the motion passes, the body then votes on the operative clauses as they were divided out. If an operative clause fails to receive a majority vote, it is left out of the resolution.

Motion for a Roll Call Vote: This motion requests that the Chair conduct a roll-call vote on the resolution. This motion only requires a second to be accepted.

Motion to Limit Debate: This motion COLOR: white" lang=EN>Motion to Adopt by Consensus: This motion requests that the body adopt the resolution by consensus, meaning that no delegation would be casting a “no” vote if the resolution were to be voted upon normally. A delegation may abstain, but should one delegation object, the motion is out of order.

Motion to Appeal the Decision of the Chair: This motion appeals a decision of the Chair to the body. This motion requires the consent of the Chair and may be deemed out of order. If accepted by the Chair, the Chair and the Delegate shall each be given one minute to present their argument to the body. This motion needs a simple majority to pass. If passed, the decision of the Chair is repealed.

Motion to Introduce an Unfriendly Amendment: This motion brings an amendment that has already been submitted to the Chair with the appropriate number of signatories to the floor for general debate and a vote when debate is closed on the resolution. No second is required. It is only for unfriendly amendments, for friendly amendments are just considered automatically part of the resolution.

Motion to Introduce a Working Paper: This motion brings a working paper that has already been approved by the Chair with the appropriate number of signatories to the floor for general debate. It requires a second, is not debatable, and needs a simple majority to pass.

Motion to Limit Debate: This motion sets the amount of time a delegate has the floor during normal debate (excluding moderated caucuses). It may also be used to change the set speaking time.

Motion to Reconsider: This motion is used to bring a resolution or topic that has been previously tabled back to the floor. It requires two speakers in favor and two against and needs a two-thirds majority to pass.

AN EASY TO UNDERSTAND VIDEO TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH THESE RULES

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RESOLUTION WRITING SKILL

How to write a resolution

Resolutions are the primary tools of discussion and decision-making at the United Nations.  They form the basis for all UN debate, bringing one or several issues to the floor in a form that Representatives can discuss, amend, and reject or ratify as circumstances dictate.
 
Resolutions usually state a policy that the UN will undertake. They range from very general to very specific in content.  They may call for or suggest a course of action, condemn an action, and require action or sanctions on the part of the member states.  They may also give specific or general directions to the UN Secretariat at any time.
Amendments to resolutions are the means by which resolutions may be altered by the body involved.  Amendments can create additions, deletions, or changes to a resolution in order to increase its acceptability to all nations involved.  Amendments are usually needed to move toward a consensus on a resolution.
Sample Amendment Form
Clause #:                                                                             Submitter:
As it is:
How it should be read:
As you can see, if you wish to propose an amendment you will first have to fill in the form. You will rewrite the part that you want to change and then what you want to change it to. If it is an entire clause you can just put the clause number. If you do not wish to change something, but you want to strike a clause you can just state “strike clause #____”. If you wish to add a new clause you will have to write it down and indicate where it would be located in the resolution.
After completing the form you will then turn it in to one of the messengers and they will forward it to the Chair(s). The Chairs will then decide upon when to present the proposed amendment and when they announce it you will need to go up and read the changes/addition/strikes you wish to put the resolution through and explain why you think it should be done and why the delegates should vote in favor of it. (This will be just like a normal reply, where you may answer points of information from the house).
Remember that your success in M.U.N does not strictly depend on if your resolution will pass or not. A well written resolution that does not pass has much more credit than a simple and vague resolution that managed to pass because of its content. There are two main parts to a resolution, the Preambulatory clauses and the operative clauses.
Preambulatory Clauses
The Preambulatory Clauses will state the issue the resolution will discuss as well as it will explain in detail everything that regards the issue. These clauses will be the basis of the information involving your chosen topic. Whatever there is to know about the issue should be stated in the Preambulatory part of the resolution. Obviously, your resolution will contain the information that will support your country and your point of view. Preambulatory clauses can include: references to past UN resolutions, important treaties regarding the issue, statements by relevant   speakers (Secretary General, Prime Ministers, Presidents, Organization authority,    etc.), references to the UN Charter or the Declaration of Human Rights, etc.
Preambulatory clauses will always start with words know as Preambulatory Phrases that will be underlined. They will always end in a comma, and each line should be numbered.
(01) Taking into consideration that the Busher Power Plant is in compliance with the NPT (02) recommendations and has been undergoing inspections for further verification,

Preambulatory Phrases

Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Believing Bearing in mind Confident Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply convinced Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Desiring Emphasizing Expecting Fulfilling

Fully aware Fully alarmed Fully believing Further deploring Guided by Having adopted Having considered Having examined Having studied Having heard Having received Keeping in mind Noting with regret Noting further Noting with appreciation Noting with approval Noting with deep concern

Noting with regret Noting with satisfaction Observing Pointing out Reaffirming Realizing Recalling Recognizing Referring Reminding Seeking Taking into account Taking into consideration Taking note Viewing with appreciation Welcoming

Operative Clauses
Operative clauses are different than Preambulatory clauses because they are not presenting the issue; on the other hand, they present the solutions and actions that must be done to solve the problem. Operative clauses define the steps that the committee will decide upon, and they can therefore involve sub-clauses to become more specific.

Operative Clauses will start with Operative phrases and they will also be underlined, on the other hand these clauses will end with semicolons (the last one in the entire resolution will end with a period), and they will also be numbered by clause (block of words) instead of by lines.
1. Urges all nations to promote international cooperation in order to address the root causes which make women/girls more vulnerable to trafficking, among them:
            a. economic causes such as poverty and unemployment,
            b. social and cultural causes such as violence against women and girls, and gender discrimination in the family, community, and state, and,
            c. political and legal causes such as lack of appropriate legislation concerning trafficking and corruption in the public sector;  
Operative Phrases  

Accepts Affirms Approves Authorizes Calls Calls upon Condemns Congratulates Confirms Considers Declares accordingly Deplores Draws the attention

Designates Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further reminds Further recommends Further resolves Further requests Have resolved

Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Reminds Regrets Requests Solemnly affirms Strongly condemns Supports Takes note of Transmits Urges

SUBMISSION OF RESOLUTIONS:

Each country should bring to the Conference a resolution on a chosen topic (recent international events calling for UN intervention). For your resolution to be debated in caucus, it must be cosigned by a minimum of 3 delegates who must speak in favor, as well as a supervising teacher.
RESOLUTION HEADING:
Representatives should state their country name, the name of the body to which it will be presented, and the topic of the resolution at the top of the document.
Submitted by:
Co-submitted by:
Delegates:
Caucus:
QUESTION OF:
Remember that you will only be able to fill in the co-submitters after the conference has started and you have found countries (during lobbying time) that will support your resolution.
RESOLUTION FORMAT:
The standard format is as follows:

• A 2" top margin and 1" side and bottom margins
• Single spaced throughout resolution, with double spacing between clauses
• Clauses must begin with proper introductory words/phrases, in capital letters
• Preambulatory clauses end with commas and operative clauses end with semi-colons
• Each operative clause must be numbered and indented
• The final operative clause ends with a period
• Please do not number lines in the margin of the resolution.

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TANZANIA

Geography and environment

An elephant passing by Mt.Kilimanjaro

At 947,300 square kilometres (365,800 sq mi), Tanzania is approximately the same size as Egypt. It borders Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. Tanzania is located on the eastern coast of Africa and has an Indian Ocean coastline approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) long.^[55] It also incorporates several offshore islands, including Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, and Mafia. The country is the site of Africa's highest and lowest points: Mount Kilimanjaro, at 5,892 metres (19,331 ft) above sea level, and the floor of Lake Tanganyika, at 352 metres (1,155 ft) below sea level, respectively.

Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the northeast, where Mount Kilimanjaro is situated. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the southwest lies Lake Nyasa. Central Tanzania is a large plateau, with plains and arable land. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore.
The Kalambo water falls in the southwestern region of Rukwa are the second highest in Africa and are located near the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area.

Ngorongoro Crater, the world's largest inactive and intact volcanic caldera

Climate varies greatly within Tanzania. In the highlands, temperatures range between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F) during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than 20 °C (68 °F). The hottest period extends between November and February (25–31 °C or 77.0–87.8 °F) while the coldest period occurs between May and August (15–20 °C or 59–68 °F). Annual temperature is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The climate is cool in high mountainous regions. Tanzania has two major rainfall regimes: one is uni-modal (October–April) and the other is bi-modal (October–December and March–May). The former is experienced in southern, central, and western parts of the country, and the latter is found in the north from Lake Victoria extending east to the coast. The bi-modal regime is caused by the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.

Over one third of Tanzania's land area (a greater proportion than in any other country) is set aside in protected areas for conservation. Tanzania has 16 national parks, as well as a variety of game and forest reserves. Gombe Stream National Park, in western Tanzania, is known as the site of Jane Goodall's studies of chimpanzee behaviour.^[60][61] Tanzania is highly biodiverse and contains a wide variety of animal habitats. On Tanzania's Serengeti plain, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi) and other bovids participate in a large-scale annual migration. Tanzania is also home to 130 amphibian and over 275 reptile species, many of them strictly endemic and included in the IUCN Red Lists of different countries. Tanzania has developed a Biodiversity Action Plan to address species conservation.

Source: Wikipedia

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YUNA TANZANIA

Youth of United Nations Association Tanzania

Welcome to YUNA Tanzania, a  youth based, youth led Non Governmental Organisation that envisions youth are brought closer to and benefits from the UN Development initiatives. We have been operating in Tanzania for more than 16 years and targeting youth aged between 15 and 30 years.

We conduct capacity building education, advocacy, lobbying and activism activities to increase stakeholders influence and participation in youth agendas.

YUNA TZ is renowned for running Annual Model UN General Assembly and it currently runs the International sessions of Model UN, which is an authentic simulation of the UN General Assembly, UN Security, or other multilateral body, which catapults students into the world of diplomacy and negotiation. In Model UN, students step into the shoes of ambassadors of UN member states, to debate current issues on the Organization’s vast agenda.

We have conducted more than 15 sessions in Tanzania and Eastern Africa Region.Throughout these years YUNA has been nurturing hundreds to thousands of young leaders who currently are in leadership positions nationally and internationally. It is of no doubt we are a Leaders’ breeding Institution. Our membership database extends to more than 5000 youths.

To ensure youth engagement in the development process in Tanzania, we have been running awareness campaigns,capacity building and policy reviews. For example, Millennium Development Goals( MDG), HIV/ AIDS – Getting to Zero campaign, Dialogues on Cultural Diversity, engaging our youths in the review NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR GROWTH AND REDUCTION OF POVERTY ( MKUKUTA) , initiating an extensive volunteer program in Education.

In promoting international dialogues we have been facilitating our youth to attend various international conferences where the resolutions attained there, consists some of our initiatives. If you want to be a part of vibrant youth in making tangible positive changes then YUNA TZ is the right platform for you.

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MUN DRESS CODE

Dress Code

MUN is a formal event therefore there is a strict dress code that has to be followed by every delegate.  When selecting your outfit think of a serious job interview.  You want to look your best to impress the person that might be interviewing you.  Your outfit and the way you look will be the first impression they have on you, so to be taken seriously you should dress up serious and follow Model United Nation’s dress code.

For boys: a tie and a formal shirt are expected.  Jackets are not required but are recommended. Formal pants should be used with the shirt.  Jeans and shorts are not appropriate or acceptable.  Shoes should be formal and appropriate for the event, sneakers and sandals are not acceptable.

For girls: a nice blouse would be appropriate, cleavage should not be visible.  A jacket is a good thing to make your outfit look better.  All girls should wear nice pants or caprice, as long as their length is under the knee.  If a girl wishes to use a dress it should be a formal dress that would be appropriate for the event, not a party dress. 

Here are some specific rules for dresses:

• Back – The dress may not be open below the middle of the back .

• Length – Dress length must be no higher than the top of the knee.

• Tightness – Keep the ‘pinch an inch’ principle in mind – it should be easy to gather an inch of fabric on either side of the dress anywhere except at the waist.

The same rule applies for skirts.  If ladies wish to wear them they should also be below the knees. Formal shoes are required too. Tennis and flip-flops are not allowed.  Simply put:
No knees, No cleavage, No shoulders.

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ABOUT MODEL UNITED NATIONS

Model United Nations

Every year over 200,000 young people, university and school students alike, come together in conferences across the globe to share their passion for international affairs, the art of diplomacy, and the principles of the United Nations. Representing different countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, they gather to discuss some of the most pressing and intriguing problems that confront the world today. Together, they engage in lively debate, searching for solutions to the complex conundrums of contemporary international politics; and in doing so, hone and perfect their skills of diplomacy and debate in a Model United Nations conference.
What is Model United Nations?
MUN aims to be nothing less than an authentic simulation of the United Nations - complete with Security Council, General Assembly, a wide range of sub-committees, a Secretariat headed by the Secretary General, and of course, you, the delegates!
For the duration of a Model United Nations conference, every participant or 'delegate' represents a member state of the United Nations in one of the committees of the UN system. At OxIMUN 2014 we shall be offering twenty committees. Delegates representing the same state together form a 'delegation'.
In their individual committees, delegates engage in debate on a wide range of topics, relating to issues as diverse as international peace and security, economic cooperation and development, human rights or the protection of the environment.
The ultimate objective of every committee is to pass a resolution that is both broad and comprehensive enough to provide an adequate solution to the question at hand, while at the same time being acceptable to as many member states as possible. Those resolutions passed in committees are then further discussed in the plenary General Assembly on the final day of the conference, and must be passed with a two-thirds majority.

Realism and Compromise
In the interest of making the simulation realistic and credible, all delegates are charged to set aside, for the duration of the conference, their personal views on an issue, and to adopt the stance and attitudes of the country they are representing. In seeking to give a faithful and accurate representation of 'their' country and its interests, delegates will be greatly aided by having researched in some detail both their committee's topic of discussion and the wider issues it raises, as well as their country's policy-position on these questions.
If, thus, 'realism' is one pillar of any MUN simulation, then 'compromise' is certainly our second guiding principle. One of the most exciting challenges that faces an MUN delegate is discovering common ground and scope for compromise where real-world politicians are all too often blinded by an overly narrow pursuit of 'national interest'. Indeed, Model United Nations is grounded in the belief that compromise and a clear grasp of political realities are by no means incompatible goals.
Only if countries have an accurate perception of where their present and future interests lie, will compromise be lasting and stable. But when countries - or delegates - fail to achieve compromise, it is often not because their interests are fundamentally incompatible, but because they have not endeavoured hard enough to find imaginative diplomatic solutions that satisfy all. Herein, thus, lies the great creative tension of Model United Nations: To know and fight for the interests of the state you represent; but at the same time, to pool your intelligence and ideas with other delegates, in order to arrive, ultimately, at a solution that is accepted and endorsed by all.
Channels of Communication
During committee sessions, great emphasis is laid on conducting discussions as authentically as possible. The procedural rules governing debate are thus closely modeled on those of the 'real' United Nations. Aside from formal debate, however, there exists a plethora of different ways in which delegates can interact with their peers: frequent moderated and unmoderated caucuses, note-passing, committee breaks and even the evening events will give delegates ample opportunity to persuade and cajole their colleagues, to negotiate and do deals. Even at the real United Nations, some of the most famous resolutions are known to have been drafted on the back of a napkin during the lunch break!
Much more than just a Conference
Last but not least, the social programme in the evenings, while allowing delegates to wind down after a hard day of committee work, will also give everyone the opportunity to mix and mingle in the diverse MUN crowd, to make new acquaintances, and to forge friendships that often last long after the conference has ended.
The research and preparation required, the adoption of views and attitudes other than their own and the interaction with so many other delegates from around the world combine to give MUN participants a deep insight into many of the world's most important problems, to make them aware of the causes of conflict between states, and to lead them to a better understanding of the interests and motivation of others.
Thus, in a small way, MUN fulfils the aims and goals set out by the founders of the United Nations in the Preamble of the Charter: "to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours."

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WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

UN Resources

UN Resources

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Official UN Organizations The United Nations Visit the official home page of the United Nations, including links to the various departments and bodies within the organization. UN Member States Information about all 193 member states is available here. UN General Assembly The General Assembly is the main body of the United Nations, encompassing all 192 member states. UN Economic and Social Council The Council coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and its agencies and institutions. UN Security Council Look up Security Council resolutions in addition to information about its membership, responsibilities, and powers.

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Fundamental Documents Charter of the United Nations Read the document that established the United Nations on 24 October 1945, for details on its powers and responsibilities. Universal Declaration of Human Rights The General Assembly adopted in December 1948 this resolution proclaiming basic human rights and calling upon all nations to uphold them. UN Documentation Center A compilation of resolutions, press releases, and other documents issued by the committees of the United Nations.

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